doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i8.10878 Summary Keywords muscle cramps, insomnia, pruritus, depression, portal hypertension, decompensated cirrhosis Citation Philips CA (2024) Commonly encountered symptoms and their management in patients with cirrhosis
If you are concerned about discomfort from needles or injections, or if you have a preferred arm for IV insertion, please let our staff know in advance
As GLP-1 therapies gained approval for obesity, prescribing began to diffuse beyond endocrinology into primary care, obesity medicine, and digital health platforms
Reconstitution for nasal spray use Why higher concentration needed: Standard injection: 5mg/ml works (0.3ml = 1.5mg dose) Nasal spray: Need 2-3x higher dose (3-5mg) 5mg/ml nasal would require 0.6-1ml volume (too much for nose) Solution: 10-20mg/ml concentration Allows 0.3-0.5ml volume for proper nasal dose Recommended concentrations: Reconstitution for 10mg/ml (recommended): PT-141 vial: 10mg Bacteriostatic water : Add 1ml Final concentration: 10mg/ml Ideal for nasal spray Reconstitution for 20mg/ml (very concentrated): PT-141 vial: 10mg Bacteriostatic water : Add 0.5ml Final concentration: 20mg/ml More concentrated, fewer sprays needed Step-by-step reconstitution: Remove PT-141 10mg vial from refrigerator Let reach room temperature (5-10 minutes) Clean rubber stopper with alcohol wipe Draw 1ml bacteriostatic water into syringe Insert needle into PT-141 vial at angle Slowly inject water down side of vial (not directly onto powder) Gently swirl until fully dissolved (1-2 minutes) You now have 10mg/ml PT-141 solution Transfer to nasal spray bottle Supplies needed: PT-141 10mg vial(s) 3ml syringe with needle Empty nasal spray bottle (10-15ml capacity) Small funnel (optional, helps transfer) See complete peptide reconstitution guide and calculator at SeekPeptides
