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Zein-based nanocarriers for the oral delivery of insulin

Low B12 is highly under-diagnosed in the UK and modern medicine does not always appreciate or recognise the damage to wellbeing that lower nutrient levels can cause if they are not low enough to cause physical harm on the body

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Key Points Genes involved in Crohn's disease and experimental ileocolitis regulate innate immune responses, bacterial killing, immune responses to endrogenous microbial antigens and epithelial function Chronic intestinal inflammation requires the presence of commensal enteric bacteria and activated T lymphocytes Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and rodents with chronic intestinal inflammation exhibit loss of immunologic tolerance to normal enteric bacteria Some enteric bacteria are detrimental and some are protective Defective innate immune responses can lead to lack of clearance of invading bacteria and to the activation of pathogenic T cells This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $189.00 per year only $15.75 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF