The exact cause of a frozen shoulder is unknown, but its more like to occur: If you are aged between 40-65 years If you have diabetes or another metabolic condition If youve had surgery to your shoulder If you are a woman and are peri-menopausal If youve had trauma to the surgery If you have problems with the rotator cuff tendons If your shoulder has been very immobile (e.g
According to British Society for Haematology (BSH) guidelines and NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries (CKS), the primary beneficiaries include: Key patient groups who may require B12 injections include: Pernicious anaemia patients requiring lifelong hydroxocobalamin 1mg intramuscularly every 23 months following initial loading doses Patients with gastrointestinal disorders including those who have undergone gastrectomy or ileal resection, and patients with conditions affecting B12 absorption such as Crohn's disease or coeliac disease Strict vegans and vegetarians though oral supplementation is usually sufficient unless malabsorption is present Elderly patients who may have reduced gastric acid production affecting B12 absorption Patients taking certain medications including metformin (MHRA advises monitoring B12 levels in long-term users, particularly those with risk factors or symptoms), proton pump inhibitors, and H2-receptor antagonists long-term [6] Individuals with neurological symptoms such as paraesthesia, ataxia, or cognitive impairment related to B12 deficiency Pregnant women with confirmed deficiency (hydroxocobalamin for malabsorption
Beyond sleep, Ive noticed improved recovery from physical activity and a general sense of resiliencethat quality of being able to handle stress, whether physical or emotional, without becoming depleted
Amylin receptor agonism and binding-kinetics assays
