Nakai et al
Dosing Considerations in Research Protocols IGF-1 LR3 is not FDA-approved for any clinical indication [15]
Immunogenicity: The FDA classified BPC-157 in Category 2 for bulk drug substances, citing possible safety issues in compounding (immunogenicity, impurities, and insufficient safety evidence for suggested administration routes)
doi: 10.3892/IJMM.2025.5515 Summary Keywords glucagon-like peptide-1, type 2 diabetes, endothelial function, obesity, metabolic syndrome Citation Hammad BF, Zafar N, Ullah M, Faisal SJ, Iftikhar F, Waheed H, Muzaffar MW, Ahmed K, Ashraf F, Zahid K, Akhtar M and Mahmmoud Fadelallah Eljack M (2025) Exploring the multifaceted roles of GLP-1 receptor agonists